What is septic shock primarily caused by?

Septic shock is primarily caused by an infection that leads to a systemic inflammatory response, which results in dilated blood vessels and a drop in blood pressure. When the body is faced with a severe infection, such as one stemming from bacteria, the immune system responds by releasing various substances into the bloodstream. This response is meant to fight off the infection but can also lead to widespread vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels.

As blood vessels dilate, this can cause a dramatic decrease in blood pressure, impairing the body’s ability to deliver adequate blood and oxygen to organs and tissues. If not addressed promptly, septic shock can rapidly progress and lead to multiple organ failure, making it a life-threatening condition. This differentiates it from other causes of shock, such as dehydration or allergic reactions, which have different underlying mechanisms and physiological responses.