What is the primary purpose of bronchodilators?

The primary purpose of bronchodilators is to increase airflow by expanding the diameter of the bronchioles. When the bronchioles narrow, which can occur during an asthma attack or in response to other respiratory conditions, airflow becomes restricted and breathing is compromised. Bronchodilators work by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways, leading to dilation or widening of the bronchioles. This allows for improved airflow into and out of the lungs, making it easier for the patient to breathe and alleviating symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath.

The other options, while related to respiratory issues, do not accurately describe the main function of bronchodilators. Decreasing heart rate is not a direct action of bronchodilators, as their primary focus is on the airways. Although reducing inflammation is significant in managing respiratory conditions, that role is primarily served by corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory medications, not bronchodilators. Suppressing coughing is also not their main purpose; bronchodilators aim to open the airways rather than to control cough reflexes.