Which medical emergency is signified by severe swelling and tenderness in the abdomen?

Severe swelling and tenderness in the abdomen are hallmark signs of peritonitis, which is an inflammatory condition affecting the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. This inflammation can lead to significant pain and swelling due to infection, perforation of abdominal organs, or chemical irritation, resulting in the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

In cases of peritonitis, patients typically exhibit signs of increased intra-abdominal pressure and may have a rigid or board-like abdomen upon palpation. The acute nature of symptoms, including severe tenderness and a possible fever, assists in distinguishing peritonitis from other potential abdominal conditions.

While appendicitis can cause abdominal pain and tenderness, it typically presents with more localized pain rather than the widespread swelling associated with peritonitis. A ruptured spleen can lead to internal bleeding and abdominal pain, but the swelling would not be as pronounced. Abdominal compartment syndrome involves increased pressure within the abdomen that can compromise organ function, but this condition is often characterized by symptoms arising from additional complications rather than outright tenderness and swelling indicative of peritoneal inflammation.